Nomadic Pastoralism and Animal Husbandry
The emergence of nomadic pastoralism and animal husbandry was a new technological and socio-economic development that has permanently changed the course of Kazakhstan’s history. The so-called Five Livestock: horses, camels, sheep, oxen, and goats formed the basis of the Steppe nomadic economy. This new mode of civilization led to creation of an entire technological complex related to nomadic pastoralist lifestyle and economy. After that and until the 20th century, Kazakhstan has always been one of the most important territories within the Eurasian Nomadic Civilization.