Steel Metallurgy
The advanced steel metallurgy became widespread instead of the previous black iron metallurgy. The household tools, metal parts of horse harnesses, and weapons were now made using the steel technology. Steel is much stronger than both bronze and iron, therefore forged steel tools and weapons outperform all others. This raised the efficiency of both the economy and warfare to a new level. In Turkic realm, the invention and spread of steel metallurgy is attributed to the nomadic Clan of Ashina.